l-glutathione mitochondrial function Mitochondria and redox biology. GSH: reduced glutathione; SOD: Glutathione-depleting mitochondria-targeting nanodrugs for stress

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MCT1 exhibits relatively high affinity for lactate and primarily mediates its uptake under most tumor microenvironmental conditions

doi: 10.3390/antiox12101798 13 GoriniFSabatinoLPingitoreAVassalleC

In addition, MOTS-c has also been found to improve glucose tolerance and reverse diet- and age-related insulin resistance in animal models

However, these effects are not confined to the intestinal microenvironment, as it has been shown that butyrate produced by gut microbiota induces the expression of mouse -defensin 14 in pancreatic islets, which in turn drives the activation of regulatory macrophages and prevents the development of T1D in a mouse model (130)