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Intramuscular and intravenous delivery bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, achieving significantly higher bioavailability than oral supplementation, making injectable micronutrients a clinically effective option for patients with confirmed or suspected deficiency, malabsorption conditions, or chronic illness

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Certain genes within the RAAS, such as the vasopressin receptor (AVPR1A), interact with specific miRNA binding sites and are linked to the pathogenesis of hypertension