many different animal species are studied in the laboratory, including terrestrial (land), aquatic (water), and microscopic animals Antioxidant - a compound that prevents or repairs the damage caused by reactive oxygen species Arterial calcification - an active, organized, highly complex process, similar to normal bone formation, in which calcium salts are deposited at sites of atherosclerotic plaque rupture Artery (adjective: arterial) - a muscular-walled blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart Calcification - the deposition of calcium salts in tissues Lipoprotein - a sphere-like particle that carries cholesterol and triglycerides through the bloodstream Observational study - a human research study in which no experimental intervention or treatment is applied, and participants are simply observed over time Oxidative stress - a situation in which the production of reactive oxygen species exceeds the ability of an organism to eliminate or neutralize them Plaque - a deposit of fat, cholesterol, immune cells, fibrin (a blood clotting protein), and other substances that forms inside arterial walls Randomized controlled trial - a human research study in which participants are assigned by chance alone to receive either an experimental agent (the treatment group) or a placebo (the control group) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) - highly unstable oxygen-containing compounds that react easily with nearby cellular structures, potentially causing damage Test tube - a research experiment performed in a test tube, culture dish, or other artificial environment outside of a living organism
These enzymes can protect DNA, enzymes, and other cell structures from the damage of oxidative stress
& Teng, J
Table 3 Overview of medicinal plants used to treat dementia worldwide
BHRT uses hormones that are molecularly identical to those naturally produced by the bodysuch as estrogen, progesterone, and testosteroneto restore balance and ease symptoms related to aging, stress, or hormonal decline
