The problem arises when this antioxidant defense is overwhelmed or depleted: *Excess HO damages thyroid follicular cells, triggering inflammation and immune activation *Oxidized thyroid proteins become neoantigens - foreign-looking molecules that the immune system attacks, initiating or amplifying autoimmune thyroid disease *Lipid peroxidation in thyroid cell membranes disrupts hormone synthesis and cellular integrity *Chronic oxidative stress accelerates thyroid cell apoptosis and fibrosis - the hallmarks of Hashimoto's progression A landmark review published in Antioxidants (MDPI, 2021) - "The Influence of Oxidative Stress on Thyroid Diseases" - confirmed that decreased glutathione levels appear to be a distinctive parameter related to the activation and development of oxidative stress in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and that antioxidant interventions represent a promising therapeutic avenue for autoimmune thyroid conditions
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Due to the direct binding of Asn35 to EA, the IC 50 value of N35D was 10-fold greater than that of WT, whereas the IC 50 values of N35A and N35Q were 70- and 160-fold greater than those of WT (Table 1), indicating that the structural specificity of the side-chain of Asn35 is crucial for EA binding
10.1371/journal.pone.0113662 PLoS One 151 TobeE
(2005) Characterization and expression analysis of a serine acetyltrans- ferase gene family involved in a key step of the sulfur assimila- tion pathway in Arabidopsis.Plant Physiology 137, 220230
