Media LLC 12 , 3576 (2021)
The upscaling of the studied cell lines to pilot scale was carried out in three consecutive bioreactor cultivations in working volumes of 56 L (Bioflo 320, Eppendorf, Germany and Biostat CT DCU3, Sartorius, Germany, respectively), 40-Dwo42 L (BioTwin42, Biostream International, Netherlands) and 200 L (Techfors, Infors HT, USA) in the same media as used for the flask cultivations
AICART: aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide transferase BHMT: betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase CBS: cystathionine -synthase CTGL: -cystathionase DHFR: dihydrofolate reductase DMGD: dimethylglycine dehydrogenase DNMT: DNA-methyltransferase FTD: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase FTS: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthase GCS: -glutamylcysteine synthetase GDC: glycine decarboxylase (glycine cleavage system) GNMT: glycine N-methyltransferase GPX: glutathione peroxidase GR: glutathione reductase GS: glutathione synthetase MAT-I: methionine adenosyl transferase I MAT-III: methionine adenosyl transferase III MS: methionine synthase MTCH: 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase MTD: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase MTHFR: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase NE: non-enzymatic conversion PGT: Phosphoribosyl glycinamidetransformalase SAAH: S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase SDH: sarcosine dehydrogenase SHMT: serinehydroxymethyltransferase TS: thymidylate synthase Metabolites
They tell cells to repair, regenerate, release growth hormone, modulate inflammation, or support metabolic balance
Some research suggests that the acetyl form, acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR), may help prevent age-related cognitive decline and improve markers of learning
