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The idea is not to moralise away the cigarette, but to reimagine its essence: that fleeting pause, the sensory focus, the social connection delivered in ways that heal rather than harm

This means longitudinal studies assessing the impact of e-cigarette use on measurable health outcomes such as lung function, cardiovascular disease and other health outcomes

Many smokers switched to these products believing they reduced harm, only to discover that the reality was far different

"Until now, we had no data about how these e-liquids affect human endothelial cells," said Joseph Wu, MD, PhD, director of the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and professor of cardiovascular medicine and of radiology

Properly sized equipment may run for longer cycles during extreme conditions