l carnitine tmao koeth 2013 nature medicine Gut Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide in Atherosclerosis: From Mechanism to Therapy γ–Butyrobetaine is a pro-atherogenic intermediate

Butyrobetaine is a pro atherogenic intermediate in gut microbial metabolism of L carnitine to TMAO PMC Characterization of TMAO productivity from carnitine challenge facilitates personalized nutrition and microbiome signatures discovery Microbiome Springer Nature Link JCI l Carnitine in omnivorous diets induces an atherogenic gut microbial pathway in humans Unraveling the Formation Mechanisms of Trimethylamine N Oxide and Its Inhibition by Food Ingredients: Toward Cardioprotective Food Development Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Trimethylamine Trimethylamine N Oxide as a Key Between Diet and Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular Toxicology Springer Nature Link

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