glutathione is converted from (GSH) and GSSG can be to each other in the Frontiers | Glutathione and neurodegenerative

Consequent mechanistic studies revealed that L-theanine, a glutamate analogue, competes with glutamate to bind the glutamate receptor, resulting in suppression of chemotherapy efflux (extracellular transport), increasing their concentration (27)

Food Chem Toxicol 48:34923499 Toledo ARL, Monroy GR, Salazar FE, Lee JY, Jain S, Yadav H, Borlongan CV (2022) Gut-Brain Axis as a Pathological and Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Disorders.Int J Mol Sci23 Roe K (2022) An Alternative Explanation for Alzheimers Disease and Parkinsons Disease Initiation from Specific Antibiotics, Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Neurotoxins

Liu Y, Tao H, Yang X, Huang K, Zhang X, Li C (2019) Decreased serum oxytocin and increased homocysteine in first-episode schizophrenia patients

It can be seen as a small energy-producing factory that provides the energy to properly function and live

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1740281 Received 05 November 2025 Revised 11 December 2025 Accepted 24 February 2026 Published 14 April 2026 Volume 17 - 2026 Edited by Libo Zhao, Capital Medical University, China Reviewed by Meike Kaehler, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany Aldana Vistarop, Fox Chase Cancer Center, United States Updates Copyright 2026 Ma, Cao, Zhou, Cheng and Zhao