La actividad biolgica de GHK-Cu est ampliamente documentada en la literatura cientfica revisada por pares
Mechanism of Action: A cholinergic parasympathomimetic agent exerting a broad spectrum of pharmacologic effects with predominant muscarinic action Indications: (Salagen ) resulting from salivary gland hypofunction caused by: Treatment of dry mouth Radiotherapy for cancer of the head and neck Sjgrens syndrome, an autoimmune disorder where immune cells attack and destroy the glands that produce tears and saliva Treatment of glaucoma (Open-Angle & Acute Angle-Closure)(Isopto Carpine ) eye drops containing pilocarpine cause contraction of the ciliary muscle which opens the trabecular meshwork spaces to increase the outflow of aqueous humor through the canal of Schlemm , thereby lowering intra-ocular pressure

Haematological symptoms are among the earliest manifestations and include: Fatigue and generalised weakness Pallor due to anaemia (which may be macrocytic, though this is not universal) Shortness of breath on exertion Palpitations or tachycardia Neurological symptoms can be particularly concerning and may include: Peripheral neuropathy with tingling, numbness, or burning sensations in the hands and feet (paraesthesia) Loss of vibration sense and proprioception Ataxia and difficulty with balance or coordination Cognitive impairment, including memory problems and difficulty concentrating Mood disturbances, including depression and irritability In patients with diabetes, distinguishing between diabetic neuropathy and B12 deficiency-related neuropathy can be challenging, as both conditions may coexist
Plastoquinone is a plant quinone involved in photosynthesis, which is attached to the TPP cation to form a molecule called SkQ1 as an alternative to MitoQ
74 Gabapentin and pregabalin, both N-type calcium channel blockers, have been studied for opioid withdrawal, typically as augmentation of opioid agonists