Results: The majority of participants were female (67%), with ages ranging from 50 to 72 years (mean age 61 11 years)
Elderly individuals may require maintenance supplementation
These essential nutrients are involved in everything from the conversion of nutrients into neurotransmitters and the maintenance of skin and hair health to supporting immune function and preventing memory loss
R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, -CH(R a )OPO(OH)2, -CO-Y, -i-PO(OY) 2 , --PO(OH) 2 , -C(=0)-Y, -CO-U, -C(=0)-(CH 2 )rU, and -CH 2 -V, where R a is hydrogen or CH 3 , where Y is -Z-(CH 2 )q-W-R b , q is 0-4, where Z and W are independently selected from the group consisting of: CH 2 , O, S, R C and R b , where R c is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, and C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, R b is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C12 substituted alkyl, C1-C12 alkenyl, C1-C12 substituted alkenyl, C1-C12 alkynyl, C1-C12 substituted alkynyl, C 3 -Cs cycloalkyl, C 3 -Cs substituted cycloalkyl, C 6 -Cio aryl, C 6 -Cio substituted aryl, C 3 -Cs heterocycloalkyl, C 3 -Cs substituted heterocycloalkyl, C4-C10 heteroaryl, and C4-C10 substituted heteroaryl, where r is 0-5, U is selected from aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, where V is -0-C(=0)-Q-(CH 2 )r-R d , where Q is selected from the group consisting of: a bond, O, and N(R C ), where R d is selected from the group consisting of: C6-C10 aryl, C4-C10 heteroaryl, C 3 -Cs heterocycloalkyl, a hexose, a pentose, and - (5-methyl-2-oxo-l,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl), or alternatively -C(=0)-Y forms an amide bond thru a nitrogen atom on Y in which case Y is a selected from the group consisting of: glycine, sarcosine, ,-diemthyl glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, ornithine, arigine, serine, and theronine
Ma TY, Iwamoto GK, Hoa NT, Akotia V, Pedram A, Boivin MA, Said HM
