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More comprehensive studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of these diets and interventions and to what extent they are useful in clinical practice

(2010) Efficacy of combined topiramate/thioctic acid therapy in migraine prophylaxis

In a series of experiments on humans and mice, the researchers found that L-carnitine is broken down by gut bacteria to produce trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which previous research has linked to heart and artery damage

Using a mouse carotid artery injury (FeCl3) model, they found that exposure to a physiological dose of TMAO (100 mol) accelerated the formation of arterial thrombosis and shortened the duration of vascular occlusion (15), possibly due to the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome

Dimethyl sulfoxide also has potential free radical scavenging and anticholinesterase effects and may affect coagulation activity