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FIGURE 3 Malondialdehyde is produced in vivo through both enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation, making it a widely monitored biomarker for oxidative stress across various diseases and particularly favored for characterizing oxidative stress in AD patients (57)

L glutamine is very important during times of illness, following physical trauma or extreme exercise

Figure 2 3.3 Antioxidant defense Lipid peroxidation can be countered by antioxidant systems, in which the cystine/glutamate-GSH-GPX4 is the main antioxidant pathway (29)

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Concordant reviews conclude that heterogeneous designs, short durations, and insufficient target engagement preclude firm conclusions (132)