l-carnitine tmao koeth 2013 nature medicine Innovative carnitine-fed rats model reveals resveratrol butyrate Ester's multimechanistic role in reducing and cardiovascular risk Comparison of short-term and long-term
Comparison of short term and long term effects of peroral L carnitine intake: clinical implications of elevated TMAO levels in cardiovascular complications Butyrobetaine is a pro atherogenic intermediate in gut microbial metabolism of L carnitine to TMAO PMC A systematic review of TMAO, microRNAs, and the oral gut microbiomes in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction: mechanistic insights and translational opportunities Journal of Translational Medicine Springer Nature Link Frontiers Gut Microbiota Dependent Marker TMAO in Promoting Cardiovascular Disease: Inflammation Mechanism, Clinical Prognostic, and Potential as a Therapeutic Target Frontiers TMAO as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for chronic kidney disease: A review
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