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Nicotine Dependence Index Center for Research on Tobacco and Health College of Medicine Penn State E cigarettes less addictive than cigarettes Penn State University Popular electronic cigarette may deliver nicotine more effectively than others, researchers say Penn State Health News E Cigarette Dependence and Depressive Symptoms Among Youth American Journal of Preventive Medicine Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index (ECDI) in a Colombian Sample
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